HOROLOGY · 50 REFERENCES

Fifty references, one guide at a time.

Movement, complication, case — from manufacturer documentation.

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Annual calendar watch dial showing day, date, and month aperture displays

Annual Calendar Complication

A calendar tracking month lengths automatically, needing one manual correction per year in February.

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Audemars Piguet manufacture building in Le Brassus, Vallée de Joux, Switzerland

Audemars Piguet

Founded 1875 in Le Brassus, AP is the only major Swiss manufacture still owned by the founding families.

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Audemars Piguet Royal Oak with blue tapisserie dial, octagonal bezel with eight screws, and integrated H-link bracelet

Audemars Piguet Royal Oak

Gerald Genta's 1972 octagonal steel watch — exposed screws, H-link bracelet — that invented luxury sports.

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Cartier Tank rectangular watch with Roman numeral white dial, blue steel hands, and leather strap

Cartier Tank

Louis Cartier's 1917 rectangular wristwatch inspired by a WWI tank — the template for the rectangular dress watch.

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Casio G-Shock DW-5600 digital watch with urethane resin case and recessed crystal bezel

Casio G-Shock

Ibe's 1983 quartz watch with a floating module in urethane — built to survive a 10-metre drop onto concrete.

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Mechanical chronograph movement showing column wheel and coupling clutch

Chronograph Complication

An independent seconds counter started, stopped, and reset without affecting the main timekeeping train.

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Dive watch with rotating bezel, screw-down crown, and luminous markers on a bracelet

Dive Watch Case Style

A water-resistant case for underwater use — screw-down crown, rotating bezel, ratings from 100 m to 4,000 m.

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Case
dive
Slim dress watch with white dial on a brown leather strap

Dress Watch Case Style

A slim case for formal attire — thin profile, round shape, restrained dial, typically a leather strap.

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Case
dress
Graph of the equation of time showing the annual variation in minutes between mean solar time and apparent solar time

Equation of Time Complication

A display showing the difference between clock time and true solar time, caused by Earth's elliptical orbit.

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Military-style field watch with black dial, Arabic numerals, and canvas strap

Field Watch Case Style

A military-derived watch case combining durability and legibility — Arabic numerals and luminous markings.

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Case
field
GMT watch dial showing 12-hour hands and 24-hour fourth hand against a rotating two-tone bezel

GMT (Dual Time) Complication

A fourth hand displaying a second time zone against a 24-hour scale — developed for transatlantic aviators in 1954.

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Rolex GMT-Master II with two-tone red-blue Pepsi bezel, GMT hand, and 24-hour scale

GMT Travel Watch Case

A round case with a 24-hour bezel and adjustable hour hand — the GMT format standardised for Pan Am pilots in 1954.

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Case
GMT travel